President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s government entered its second decade in power by continuing wholesale repression, systematically detaining and punishing peaceful critics and activists and effectively criminalizing peaceful dissent. Authorities detained and prosecuted dozens of protesters and activists, including at Palestine solidarity demonstrations. Thousands of detainees remained locked up in dire conditions in lengthy pretrial detention or on sentences stemming from unjust trials. In 2024, several leading human rights defenders were allowed to travel outside Egypt for the first time since 2016. However, civic space remained severely curtailed as independent organizations operating under draconian laws faced continued judicial and security harassment. Since January 2024, Egypt signed bailout deals of about US$57 billion, yet the economic crisis, and the government’s response, hampered people’s economic and social rights, including to food, health, and electricity. 

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Egyptian Army’s Massive Destruction in North Sinai

The Egyptian army destroyed over 12,000 buildings--mostly homes--in the conflict-ridden North Sinai governorate between 2013 and 2020.

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